This page exists so nothing on Neuro Memory's product or educational pages has to be taken on faith. Each entry below links directly to the publication, trial registry, or research-foundation summary it came from. Study designs, populations and sample sizes vary — read the linked source before drawing conclusions about your own situation.
Meta-analysis of RCTs on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract
9 trials, 437 subjects, ≥12-week dosing. Found improved processing speed and reduced reaction time.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK174753 →Comparative review: Bacopa, Ocimum, Camellia and cognitive function
7-study review finding no benefit on working memory/attention for Bacopa in its pooled trials — an important counterpoint.
researchgate.net →Ginkgo biloba: Cognitive Vitality For Researchers
Research-foundation summary: benefit clearest in people with existing cognitive impairment, not in healthy adults.
alzdiscovery.org →Cognitive and functional effects of Ginkgo biloba in neurodegenerative disorders
Systematic review and meta-analysis describing the cerebral blood flow / PI3K-Akt mechanism.
sciencedirect.com →Human Clinical Studies — L-Theanine (EEG alpha wave trials)
Collected human trials on L-theanine's effect on alpha brainwave activity and relaxed alertness.
humanclinicals.org →L-theanine: does the science match the hype?
2026 review noting inconsistent findings and a continued need for larger, more rigorous human trials.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC12892352 →Cognitive decline in the elderly: multicenter phosphatidylserine trial
494 elderly patients, 300 mg/day for 6 months; significant behavioral and cognitive improvement vs placebo.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8323999 →Effect of phosphatidylserine on cognitive function in the elderly: meta-analysis
9 studies, 961 participants; positive overall effect on memory across 100–300 mg/day doses.
researchgate.net →Rhodiola rosea in stress-induced fatigue (SHR-5 extract, night-duty physicians)
Double-blind cross-over study, 56 physicians; significant improvement in total mental performance.
sciencedirect.com →Rhodiola rosea extract on mental resource allocation and attention
Event-related potential dual-task study; part of a broader literature on cognition and fatigue reduction.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com →Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows brain atrophy in MCI (VITACOG)
271 participants, 2-year RCT; significantly slower brain atrophy in the B-vitamin group, concentrated in those with elevated homocysteine.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC2935890 →Metabolomics insights from the VITACOG trial
Follow-up analysis showing B-vitamin-driven metabolic reprogramming in neuroprotective pathways.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC12276071 →Acetyl L-carnitine & Your Brain — Cognitive Vitality
Research-foundation review of ALCAR meta-analyses; modest but real effect in MCI/early Alzheimer's.
alzdiscovery.org →The Effect of Acylcarnitines on Cognitive Function (Mendelian randomization)
Observational genetic study; serum ALCAR levels decline progressively with worsening cognitive status.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12224038 →Efficacy and safety of choline alphoscerate for amnestic MCI (RCT)
100 subjects, 600 mg/day for 12 weeks; significantly greater ADAS-Cog improvement than placebo.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC11412009 →Activity of Choline Alphoscerate on Adult-Onset Cognitive Dysfunctions (meta-analysis)
Systematic review of α-GPC combined with cholinergic drugs vs placebo across neurological conditions.
journals.sagepub.com →← Back to the Neuro Memory research overview · Read the cholinergic mechanism deep-dive →